How to format your references using the Transactions of Mathematics and its Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transactions of Mathematics and its Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grayson, M. (2015) Symposium overview: Raising standards. Nature, 520, S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Guydosh, N.R. & Block, S.M. (2009) Direct observation of the binding state of the kinesin head to the microtubule. Nature, 461, 125–128.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wilson, A.M., Watson, J.C., & Lichtwark, G.A. (2003) Biomechanics: A catapult action for rapid limb protraction. Nature, 421, 35–36.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Vermeer, P.D., Einwalter, L.A., Moninger, T.O., Rokhlina, T., Kern, J.A., Zabner, J., & Welsh, M.J. (2003) Segregation of receptor and ligand regulates activation of epithelial growth factor receptor. Nature, 422, 322–326.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ledolter, J. (2013) Data Mining and Business Analytics with R. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Reichrath, J. & Reichrath, S. (2012) Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer, vol. 727. , Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. New York, NY: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Pascual, T.N.B., Ros, S., Engel-Hills, P., & Chhem, R.K. (2012) Medical Competency in Postgraduate Medical Training Programs. Radiology Education: The Evaluation and Assessment of Clinical Competence (Hibbert, K.M., Chhem, R.K., Deven, T. van, & Wang, S.-C. eds). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 29–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transactions of Mathematics and its Applications.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013) Aging is not universal across all organisms. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Tax Systems Modernization: Management and Technical Weaknesses Must Be Corrected If Modernization Is to Succeed ( No. AIMD-95-156). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Murillo, K. (2010) An analysis of California community college budget policy key components in multicollege districts (Doctoral dissertation).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kovaleski, S.F. (2015) All the Presidents’ Memorabilia. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grayson, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Guydosh & Block, 2009; Grayson, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Guydosh & Block, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Vermeer et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Transactions of Mathematics and its Applications
Abbreviation	Trans. Math. Its Appl.
ISSN (online)	2398-4945
Scope