How to format your references using the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Trivedi BP. Neuroscience: Dissecting appetite. Nature 2014;508:S64-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brown JKM, Hovmøller MS. Aerial dispersal of pathogens on the global and continental scales and its impact on plant disease. Science 2002;297:537–541.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gros J, Serralbo O, Marcelle C. WNT11 acts as a directional cue to organize the elongation of early muscle fibres. Nature 2009;457:589–593.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hu Q-H, Xie Z-Q, Wang X-M, Kang H, He Q-F, Zhang P. Secondary organic aerosols over oceans via oxidation of isoprene and monoterpenes from Arctic to Antarctic. Sci Rep 2013;3:2280.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tatham M, Morton K. Developments in Speech Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK; 2006.

An edited book

Davidson L. Pro SQL Server 2005 Database Design and Optimization. Apress: Berkeley, CA; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Chou B-H, Suzuki E. Discovering Community-Oriented Roles of Nodes in a Social Network. In: Bach Pedersen T, Mohania MK, Tjoa AM, editors. Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery: 12th International Conference, DAWAK 2010, Bilbao, Spain, August/September 2010. Proceedings. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2010. pp. 52–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.

Blog post

Fang J. How To Predict The Ratio Of Males To Females In Wild Animals. IFLScience. 2015https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-predict-ratio-males-females-wild-animals/. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA’s Choice of a Location for Its Proposed Lunar Curatorial Facility. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brooks CE. Action research: Interventions for helping leaders use groups to affect conflict between workforce generations. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW, Corkery M. Puerto Rican Bank Left Debt, Not Development. New York Times. 2015;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Abbreviation	J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
ISSN (print)	2190-5991
ISSN (online)	2190-6009
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical)