How to format your references using the Gut citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gut. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Desiraju GR. Midsummer madness. Nature. 2004;431:25.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beasley AJ, Schreier EJ. Astronomy: The United States must rejoin the SKA. Nature. 2012;489:363.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thompson JK, Peterson MR, Freeman RD. Single-neuron activity and tissue oxygenation in the cerebral cortex. Science. 2003;299:1070–2.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xu M, Arulandu A, Struck DK, et al. Disulfide isomerization after membrane release of its SAR domain activates P1 lysozyme. Science. 2005;307:113–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown R. Rational Choice and Judgment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005.

An edited book

Gupta PK, Khare R, editors. Laser Physics and Technology: Proceedings of the School on Laser Physics & Technology, Indore, India, March 12-30, 2012. New Delhi: Springer India 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Priyadarshini Rai, Madasu Hanmandlu. Gaussian Function-Based Particle Swarm Optimization. In: Pant M, Deep K, Bansal JC, et al., eds. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving: SocProS 2015, Volume 1. Singapore: Springer 2016:57–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gut.

Blog post

Fang J. How To Predict The Ratio Of Males To Females In Wild Animals. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need To Improve Policies and Procedures for Approving Grants Under the Emergency School Assistance Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vento-Wilson M. The role of the speech-language pathologist and augmentative and alternative communication with acute care patients with severe communication impairments. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barry E. A Dozen Writers Put Down Their Pens to Prove the Might of a March. New York Times. 2012;A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gut
Abbreviation	Gut
ISSN (print)	0017-5749
ISSN (online)	1468-3288
Scope	Gastroenterology