How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yan, H. 2004. Materials science. Nucleic acid nanotechnology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5704): 2048–2049.

A journal article with 2 authors

Devanna, P., and Vernes, S.C. 2014. A direct molecular link between the autism candidate gene RORa and the schizophrenia candidate MIR137. Scientific reports, 4: 3994.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jedema, F.J., Filip, A.T., and van Wees, B.J. 2001. Electrical spin injection and accumulation at room temperature in an all-metal mesoscopic spin valve. Nature, 410(6826): 345–348.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Peruzzo, A., Lobino, M., Matthews, J.C.F., Matsuda, N., Politi, A., Poulios, K., Zhou, X.-Q., Lahini, Y., Ismail, N., Wörhoff, K., Bromberg, Y., Silberberg, Y., Thompson, M.G., and OBrien, J.L. 2010. Quantum walks of correlated photons. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5998): 1500–1503.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Middleton, D. 2012. Non-Gaussian Statistical Communication Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Tan, Y., Shi, Y., and Niu, B. (Editors). 2016. Advances in Swarm Intelligence: 7th International Conference, ICSI 2016, Bali, Indonesia, June 25-30, 2016, Proceedings, Part I. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Wermers, R.A., and Grebe, S.K. 2016. Parathyroid Hormone Measurement Considerations in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. In Hyperparathyroidism: A Clinical Casebook. Edited by A.E. Kearns and R.A. Wermers. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 37–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Taub, B. 2016. Scientists Discover How To “Switch On” Immune Cells. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-discover-how-switch-immune-cells/. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. School Meal Programs: Changes to Federal Agencies’ Procedures Could Reduce Risk of School Children Consuming Recalled Food. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shafran, R.F. 2017. Leading Organizational Change: A Phenomenological Study of the Nonlinear Strategies Used by Female Leaders in Global Companies. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. 2016. Nielsen, Highlighting Value of Data, Is Buying Gracenote for $560 Million. New York Times,: B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yan 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Yan 2004, Devanna and Vernes 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Devanna and Vernes 2014)
Three or more authors: (Peruzzo et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
Abbreviation	Can. J. Civ. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0315-1468
ISSN (online)	1208-6029
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering General Environmental Science